Here is the except from Stark regarding ancillary services in the physician office:
The principal Stark Law exceptions for DHS performed within a physician
organization are the in-office ancillary services exception and the physician services exception, which are described below.
The in-office ancillary services exception has the following four (4) requirements:
• Typically a physician organization with more than one physician must be structured as a "group practice," as defined at 42 CFR ? 411.352, in order to take advantage of the in-office ancillary services exception. It is important to note that diagnostic tests cannot be allocated directly to a physician as "incident to" services when calculating compensation within a group practice, and that employing specialists may affect the physician organization’s ability to satisfy the group practice requirement that its members perform at least 75 percent of their patient care services through the physician organization.
• The DHS must be furnished personally by one of the following persons: (a) the referring physician, (b) a physician who is a "member" of the group (generally an owner or employee physician), or (c) an individual who is supervised by the referring physician or another physician in the group practice in compliance with Medicare payment and coverage rules for the services.
• The DHS must be furnished in either a “centralized building” used by the group for the provision of some or all of its DHS, or in the “same building” in which the group maintains an office satisfying at least one of three alternative tests, each of which requires that parameters relating to hours and physician services be satisfied. The first "same building" test is satisfied if the DHS are furnished in a building in which the group maintains an office which is open at least 35 hours per week and member physicians furnish physician services at least 30 hours per week, including at least some services which are unrelated to DHS. The second and third "same building" tests are more complicated but would allow part-time offices.
• The DHS must be billed by the physician performing or supervising the service, the group practice (either directly or through a billing company) under the group's billing number, or by a wholly-owned subsidiary of the group practice. An entity that is individually owned by multiple group practice physicians will not satisfy this requirement.
The physician services exception applies to physician services (such as the professional component of diagnostic tests) that are furnished either personally by or under the supervision of another physician who is a member of the referring physician’s group practice or is a physician in the group practice. Services personally performed by the referring physician are excepted from the definition of “referral.”