Radiation therapy utilizes ionizing radiation beams that are directed at cancerous cells in order to destroy them. The radiation, damages the DNA (the genetic material) in the cell, thus preventing further growth of the cancerous cells. Though there is the risk of damage to the normal cells, the risk is minimized through the use of highly advanced equipment that pinpoint the radiation beam to the cancerous cells and only the immediate surrounding healthy cells to eliminate any risk of regrowth. Radiation therapy can be successfully used in the treatment of most types of cancers including malignant tumors of different organs, lymphomas, leukemia and certain non–malignant conditions. Radiation therapy can be done externally (external radiation therapy) or internally (brachytherapy). In external radiation therapy, the source of the radiation remains outside the body. However, in brachytherapy, the radiation source or implant is inserted and placed internally near the cancerous cells.
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