The provider performs pelvic exenteration on patients who have had a recurrence of cancer of the cervix after they have had radiation therapy or patients who have stage IV cancer, and the tumor is in the bladder and rectum. There is no standard procedure, and organs and tissues that the provider removes depend on where the cancer is located and the stage.
In a total exenteration, the provider removes the uterus, tubes, ovaries, parametrial tissue, bladder, rectum, vagina, urethra, and part of the levator ani muscles.
In an anterior exenteration, the provider does not remove the rectum.
In a posterior exenteration, the provider does not remove the bladder and urethra. He may also resect part of the anus, urethra, and part of the vulva.
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