The provider corrects epispadias, distal to the external sphincter along with a bladder, which is exposed outside the abdomen, known as a bladder exstrophy. Epispadias is a defect present from birth that involves the malformation of the penis where the urethra ends in an opening on the top or the upper side of the penis rather than at the tip. In epispadias, there is an absence of the upper wall of the urethra. This can cause reflux nephropathy, or the backward flow of urine into the kidney, abnormal curvature of the penis, urinary tract infections, and incontinence. During this procedure, the provider treats both the epispadias and the exstrophy of the bladder.
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