The provider exchanges an external or internal–external biliary drainage catheter or converts an internal–external catheter to external only to allow drainage of bile, a substance produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps break down food. He uses a percutaneous, or through the skin, access route and performs the procedure using image guidance such as ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy, imaging technologies that display live images on a video monitor. He may also perform cholangiography, a radiological procedure to image the inside of the bile ducts by injecting a contrast dye into the bile ducts. This procedure includes all radiological supervision and interpretation.
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