The provider inserts a rigid or flexible lighted tubular instrument (endoscope) into the patient's lungs, with or without the aid of fluoroscopy, live X–ray images on a video display. The provider uses ultrasound guidance in the throat (trachea) and/or the major air passages to the lungs (bronchi) to take samples from three or more lymph node groupings, or stations, from the root of the lungs (hilum) or from between the lungs (mediastinal space).
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