The provider performs anesthesia services for a patient undergoing the procedure of mediastinoscopy in which another provider inserts a device with a video camera via an opening at the base of the neck to view the structures in the upper chest between the two lungs. The surgical provider may perform thoracoscopy, in which he may insert a device with a viewing camera through an opening in the side of the lower chest to view any abnormality in the contents of the pleura, the double–layered membrane covering the lung.
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