Eli's Rehab Report

Tip: Don’t throw away your current coding rule book after Oct. 1.

You might need to code on the basis of signs and symptoms even under ICD-10. Despite anything you have heard to the contrary, the new diagnosis coding system won’t necessarily have a code for every condition under the sun, particularly if the physician doesn’t reach a diagnosis at the visit. CMS aimed to eliminate confusion about this situation and other issues with its new MLN Matters article SE1518, which the agency issued on June 9. Fortunately for those readers who have the ICD-9 guidelines memorized, the rules won’t change considerably when it comes to signs and symptoms coding after Oct. 1.

“In both ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM, sign/symptom and unspecified codes have acceptable, even necessary, uses,” the article said. “While you should report specific diagnosis codes when they are supported by the available medical record documentation and clinical knowledge of the patient’s health condition, in some instances sign/symptoms or unspecified codes are the best choice to accurately reflect the health care encounter.”

In short: As you did with ICD-9, if the physician makes a definitive diagnosis by the end of the encounter, you’ll report that code. But if not, you should report the signs and symptoms that prompted the visit — for instance, code a sore throat if strep throat is suspected but the test results aren’t in. You’d report a code from the “unspecified” range for situations such as a patient who is diagnosed with pneumonia but the test results indicating the specific type haven’t come in yet, the article said.

Don’t Over-Code Symptoms

Remember that if you do have a definitive diagnosis, you don’t need to report the signs and symptoms. For instance, if your patient has congestive heart failure with edema and shortness of breath, you would report 428.0 (Congestive heart failure, unspecified) or I50.9 (Heart failure, unspecified). You wouldn’t include symptom codes for the shortness of breath or edema because the conditions are integral to the definitive diagnosis (CHF).

No Definitive Diagnosis?

You’ll list symptom codes when the physician hasn’t identified a definitive diagnosis. Symptom codes describe problems a patient is experiencing, so they come in handy when the cause is uncertain.

For example: You are providing physical therapy, including gait training, for a patient who is experiencing falls of unknown etiology. In ICD-9, you would list the following codes for this patient:

• V57.1 (Other physical therapy);
  
• 781.2 (Abnormality of gait); and
  
• V15.88 (History of fall).
  

In this case, you don’t have a more specific diagnosis and the symptom (abnormal gait) is the focus of your care.

ICD-10 difference: In ICD-10, there’s no equivalent to the therapy V57.x codes, so you’ll report the code for the underlying condition therapy is treating as your primary diagnosis. In this scenario, you would list:

• R29.6 (Repeated falls) and
  
• Z91.81 (History of falling).
  

ICD-10 code R29.6 is a welcome addition for patients experiencing repeated falls. You can report R29.6 if the patient has recently fallen and the reason for the falls is being investigated, she says. And you can add Z91.81 to indicate the patient has a history of falls.

Resolved Condition?

Another situation in which you’ll report a symptom code is when you need to avoid coding a disease or condition that has been resolved. For example, when providing aftercare for joint replacement surgery, you can’t code a disease process such as gangrene because the condition has been corrected by the surgery.

In ICD-9, a symptom code can help justify the aftercare V code to further describe the patient’s care.

For example: You are providing physical therapy following a below-knee amputation of the patient’s right leg due to gangrene. The patient is receiving gait training as well as aftercare. Report the following ICD-9 codes:

• V58.49 (Other specified aftercare following surgery);
  
• V49.75 (Lower limb amputation status; below knee); and
  
• 781.2 (Abnormality of gait).
  

In ICD-10, for this patient, you would report:

• Z47.81 (Encounter for orthopedic aftercare following surgical amputation);
  
• Z89.511 (Acquired absence of right leg below knee); and
  
• R26.89 (Other abnormalities of gait and mobility).
  

Not Integral?

Some diagnoses can have symptoms that aren’t always part of the condition. When that’s the case for your patient, you should add the code for the symptom along with the condition. Be sure to take note of the coding guidelines regarding symptom coding: “Sequence the definitive diagnosis first, followed by the symptom code.”

For example: If your patient has Parkinson’s disease (332.0) and she is experiencing slurred speech (784.59) you would code both because not all Parkinson’s patients experience slurred speech. In ICD-10 you would list G20 (Parkinson’s disease) followed by R47.81 (Slurred speech).

Resource: To read more about how to code signs and symptoms under ICD-10, see the MLN Matters article at www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNMattersArticles/Downloads/SE1518.pdf.