Pathology/Lab Coding Alert

Question: Sometimes we get denials for a procedure our pathologist performed due to lack of “medical necessity.” What exactly does that mean, and how can we avoid this type of denial in the future?

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Answer: The AMA defines medical necessity as “healthcare services or products that a prudent physician would provide to a patient for the purpose of preventing, diagnosing, or treating an illness, injury, disease, or its symptoms in a manner that is: (a) in accordance with generally accepted standards of medical practice; (b) clinically appropriate in terms of type, frequency, extent, site, and duration; and (c) not primarily for the economic benefit of the health plans and purchasers or for the convenience of the patient, treating physician, or other health care provider.”

CMS relies on the Social Security Act (Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, Section 1862 [a] [1] [a]) for its understanding of “medical necessity.” That part of the law states “no payment may be made under [Medicare] part A or part B for any expenses incurred for items or services which … are not reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body member.” Other payers may take a similar approach.

Bottom line: Payers can make their own rules about what services they consider “medically necessary” for specific health conditions, even if your physician disagrees.

Do this: Your best defense is to understand payer rules for medical necessity and accurately document your pathologist’s work. If the rules deem a procedure not medically necessary, you can issue an Advance Beneficiary Notice of Noncoverage (ABN) so that the patient understands that he will be financially responsible for the procedure.