Otolaryngology Coding Alert

Question: A pediatrician requested my otolaryngologist's opinion on a premature newborn who failed a hospital hearing screening. The otolaryngologist saw the infant a week later in the office for an initial visit. The physician documented a detailed history, a detailed examination, and low-complexity medical decision-making at the hospital encounter and the office visit. Should I code the E/M services with 99253 and 99203?

Florida Subscriber

Answer: No, you should instead submit the hospital encounter as 99253 (Initial inpatient consultation for a new or established patient, which requires these three key components: a detailed history, a detailed examination, and medical decision-making of low complexity) and the office visit with 99214 (Office or other outpatient visit for the E/M of an established patient ...).
 
Even though the infant is new to the office, you should report an established patient office visit (99211-99215), not a new patient E/M service (99201-99205, Office or other outpatient visit for the E/M of a new patient ...). CPT defines a new patient as one who hasn't received any professional services from the physician or another physician of the same specialty who belongs to the same group practice within the past three years. Because the otolaryngologist treated the infant at the hospital, the patient became an established patient for subsequent E/M encounters.
 
And the office visit qualifies as a level-four established patient office visit (99214) instead of a level-three new patient E/M (99203). Unlike a new patient office visit, which requires all three key components, an established patient office visit only requires two. Therefore, you may report the E/M service with 99214.
 
Code 99214 requires two of these three key components: a detailed history, a detailed examination, and moderate-complexity medical decision-making.
 
The otolaryngologist in your scenario performed and documented a detailed history, a detailed examination, and low-complexity medical decision-making. Provided the medical necessity supports the history and examination that the otolaryngologist performed and documented, you should use 99214.