Orthopedic Coding Alert

Surgery:

Code Spinal Deformity Arthrodesis With Specific Code Set

Proper coding depends on knowing how surgeon diagnosed deformity.

There’s typically a lot to unpack when a patient with spinal deformity presents to your orthopedist for arthrodesis.

How? For starters, coding will be different than it would for patients who have spinal arthrodesis, but don’t suffer from spinal deformity. Further, there is an extensive list of diagnosis codes that might prove medical necessity for the procedure.

For more information on coding surgeries for this patient population, take a look at this primer on patients who receive arthrodesis due to spinal deformity.

Pre-Arthrodesis Dx Comes Via These Services

Before your surgeon performs spinal arthrodesis, they have to decide if the patient has a spinal deformity — and what type of deformity it might be. The surgeon could use a combination of these testing methods to determine the presence of spinal deformity, confirms Judy Wilson, CPC, COC, CPCO, CPPM, CPB, CANPC, CDEO, CPC-P:

  • Evaluation and management (E/M) service: Typically 99202 (Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and straightforward medical decision making. When using time for code selection, 15-29 minutes of total time is spent on the date of the encounter.) through 99215 (Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and high level of medical decision making. When using time for code selection, 40-54 minutes of total time is spent on the date of the encounter.) — but there is a chance that the E/M could take place in the hospital, which you’d report with the appropriate inpatient E/M code
  • X-ray: 72020 (Radiologic examination, spine, single view, specify level) through 72120 (Radiologic examination, spine, lumbosacral; bending views only, 2 or 3 views)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): 72141 (Magnetic resonance (eg, proton) imaging, spinal canal and contents, cervical; without contrast material) through 72158 (Magnetic resonance (eg, proton) imaging, spinal canal and contents, without contrast material, followed by contrast material(s) and further sequences; lumbar)
  • Bone scan: 78300 (Bone and/or joint imaging; limited area) through 78315 (… 3 phase study)

E/M and X-ray example: If the surgeon uses a combination of E/M and X-ray, “a specialist will perform a physical examination and order X-rays of the spine. During an exam, the doctor will usually ask the patient to move into a few positions, such as a forward bend, in order to observe the spine as it moves,” according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS).

MRI example: When the surgeon uses MRI, they perform the test to “produce three-dimensional images of body structures using powerful magnets and computer technology,” according to Yale Medicine. The MRI “can show the spinal cord, nerve roots and surrounding areas, as well as enlargement, degeneration and deformities.”

Select From These Codes for Arthrodesis

When the surgeon does decide to perform arthrodesis for a patient with spinal deformity, these are the codes you’ll choose from, Wilson confirms:

  • 22800 (Arthrodesis, posterior, for spinal deformity, with or without cast; up to 6 vertebral segments)
  • 22802 (… 7 to 12 vertebral segments)
  • 22804 (… 13 or more vertebral segments)
  • 22808 (Arthrodesis, anterior, for spinal deformity, with or without cast; 2 to 3 vertebral segments)
  • 22810 (… 4 to 7 vertebral segments)
  • 22812 (… 8 or more vertebral segments)

Choose From Several (Dozen) Dx Codes to Prove Medical Necessity

The list of potential ICD-10 codes for the aforementioned arthrodesis surgical codes is long. Check with your payer, or consult your contract, if you have questions about whether a particular ICD-10 code proves medical necessity for 22800-22812.

Here’s a sampling of the hundreds of ICD-10 codes that could be paired with 22800-22812. Remember that this is not a complete list; nor is it guaranteed that these diagnosis codes will automatically qualify an arthrodesis for spinal deformity for payment:

Posterior arthrodesis ICD-10 codes (22800-22804)

  • A18.01 (Tuberculosis of spine)
  • G14 (Postpolio syndrome)
  • M40.03 (Postural kyphosis, cervicothoracic region)
  • M40.292 (Other kyphosis, cervical region)
  • M40.46 (Postural lordosis, lumbar region)
  • M41.02 (Infantile idiopathic scoliosis, cervical region)
  • M41.113 (Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis, cervicothoracic region)
  • M41.122 (Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, cervical region)
  • M41.34 (Thoracogenic scoliosis, thoracic region)
  • M41.41 (Neuromuscular scoliosis, occipito-atlanto-axial region)
  • M42.01 (Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine, occipito-atlanto-axial region)
  • M42.12 (Adult osteochondrosis of spine, cervical region)
  • M43.01 (Spondylolysis, occipito-atlanto-axial region)
  • M43.11 (Spondylolisthesis, occipito-atlanto-axial region)
  • M81.0 (Age-related osteoporosis without current pathological fracture)
  • M88.1 (Osteitis deformans of vertebrae)
  • Q67.5 (Congenital deformity of spine)
  • Q76.2 (Congenital spondylolisthesis)
  • Q76.3 (Congenital scoliosis due to congenital bony malformation)
  • Q76.425 (Congenital lordosis, thoracolumbar region)

Anterior arthrodesis ICD-10 codes (22808-22812)

  • A18.01 (Tuberculosis of spine)
  • C41.2 (Malignant neoplasm of vertebral column)
  • E76.8 (Other disorders of glucosaminoglycan metabolism)
  • G14 (Postpolio syndrome)
  • M08.1 (Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis)
  • M40.03 (Postural kyphosis, cervicothoracic region)
  • M40.45 (Postural lordosis, thoracolumbar region)
  • M41.03 (Infantile idiopathic scoliosis, cervicothoracic region)
  • M41.113 (Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis, cervicothoracic region)
  • M41.124 (Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, thoracic region)
  • M41.34 (Thoracogenic scoliosis, thoracic region)
  • M41.41 (Neuromuscular scoliosis, occipito-atlanto-axial region)
  • M42.02 (Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine, cervical region)
  • M42.13 (Adult osteochondrosis of spine, cervicothoracic region)
  • M43.9 (Deforming dorsopathy, unspecified)
  • M45.2 (Ankylosing spondylitis of cervical region)
  • M47.811 (Spondylosis without myelopathy or radicu­lopathy, occipito-atlanto-axial region)
  • M48.8X3 (Other specified spondylopathies, cervicothoracic region)
  • M81.0 (Age-related osteoporosis without current pathological fracture)
  • M88.1 (Osteitis deformans of vertebrae)
  • M96.0 (Pseudarthrosis after fusion or arthrodesis)
  • M96.5 (Postradiation scoliosis)
  • Q67.5 (Congenital deformity of spine)
  • Q76.2 (Congenital spondylolisthesis)
  • Q76.3 (Congenital scoliosis due to congenital bony malformation)
  • Q76.411 (Congenital kyphosis, occipito-atlanto-axial region)
  • Q76.426 (Congenital lordosis, lumbar region)
  • Z98.1 (Arthrodesis status).