Orthopedic Coding Alert

Hint: Pay attention to the site of involvement.

When you're coding for ligament disorders, palmar fascia contracture, foreign body granulomas, and muscle spasm, your ICD-10 code choices will expand substantially. Read on for advice on how to best describe these and other common connective tissue conditions. (For more on connective tissue diagnosis coding in ICD-10, see Orthopedic Coding Alert, Vol. 15 No. 3).

Get Clinical Staff Used to Even More Specifics

To prep doctors for this level of detail, start training now. "Before the ICD-10 implementation date, coders will need to educate their physicians on the need for a much higher degree of specificity in their diagnostic statements," says Heidi Stout, BA, CPC, COSC, PCS, CCS-P, Coder on Call, Inc., Milltown, New Jersey and orthopedic coding division director, The Coding Network, LLC, Beverly Hills, CA.

Identify Discrete Codes for Paraplegia, Fibromatoses

The ICD-9 codes for specific muscle disorders like 728.3 (Other specific muscle disorders) which includes disorders like athrogryposis and immobility syndrome (paraplegic) translate to two different codes in ICD-10. The ICD-10 code for immobility syndrome is M62.3 (Immobility syndrome [paraplegic]) and that for other specific disorders is M62.89 (Other specified disorders of muscle). "Immobility syndrome has been awarded a specific code for ICD-10, while 'other specified disorders of the muscle' has been left undefined to capture the remainder of the unspecified muscle disorders," says Kristi Stumpf, MCS-P, CPC, COSC, ACS-OR, owner, Precision Auditing and Coding, senior orthopedic coder & auditor, The Coding Network, Washington.

The ICD-9 code for fibrosis in muscle ligaments, 728.79 (Other fibromatoses of muscle ligament and fascia), extends to two ICD-10 codes as below:

• M72.1 (Knuckle pads)
• M72.4 (Pseudosarcomatous fibromatosis)

Narrow Down To a Common Code for Ligament Disorders

The ligament disorder code in ICD-10 is more generalized to include a wider array of ligament disorders. Whereas the ICD-9 code 728.4 (Laxity of ligament) was solely descriptive of ligament laxity, the ICD-10 code M24.20 (Disorder of ligament, unspecified site) describes 'disorder of ligament'. This implies that disorders other than a lax ligament can be reported with this code.

There is a broader scope for the ICD-10 code M62.89 (Other specified disorders of muscle). The disorder can be in muscle tendons, fascia, ligament, or aponeurosis. The ICD-9 code 728.89 (Other disorders of muscle ligament and fascia), in contrast, is more specific for ligament and fascia.

For the unspecified disorders of the connective tissues, you have code 728.9 (Unspecified disorder of muscle ligament and fascia) in ICD-9. In ICD-10, you will opt for code M62.9 (Disorder of muscle, unspecified). "ICD-10 has listed a code specific to the muscle alone. There is also a specific code for disorder of ligament for ICD-10. The ligamentous disorder code is broken down by location, RT vs LT, with unspecified code for each body area when RT and LT are not listed. Coders can now be more specific as the actual tissue affected," says Stumpf.

ICD-10 is More Specific for Other Conditions

The ICD-10 code for Dupuytren's contracture in the palm is more specific and inclusive of the condition. The ICD-9 code 728.6 (Contracture of palmar fascia) includes Dupuytren's contracture though the same does not appear in the descriptor. On the contrary, the ICD-10 code for the same is M72.0 (Palmar fascial fibromatosis [Dupuytren]) which aptly specifies the condition in the descriptor. "M72.0 is very specific to palmar fibromatosis, whereas ICD-9 code 728.6 can be utilized for any contracture of the palmar fascia. Although ICD-9 code 728.6 is used for Dupuytren's contracture, it would also apply to any other pathology resulting in palmar contracture," says Stumpf. "Dupuytren's contracture is by far the most common cause of palmar fibromatosis," says Bill Mallon, MD, medical director, Triangle Orthopedic Associates, Durham, N.C.

The ICD-9 code 728.82 (Foreign body granuloma of muscle) for foreign body granuloma of muscle will become inclusive of foreign body granulomas in other soft tissues once ICD-10 rolls out. The ICD-10 code M60.20 (Foreign body granuloma of soft tissue, not elsewhere classified, unspecified site) includes foreign body granulomas in soft tissues other than the muscles. For example, you will report subcutaneous tissue foreign body granulomas using the code M60.20 once ICD-10 hits.

There is a single code for muscle spasm in ICD-9. The code 728.85 (Spasm of muscle) includes spasm of any type, including that due to injury and stroke and due to conditions in which the brain or the spinal cord are destroyed, example cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis. "In ICD-9, the default code for muscle contracture was 728.85, for lack of a more specific code choice," says Stumpf. However, going further in once ICD-10 implementation date hits, you will have an option of two codes for such conditions. These include M62.40 (Contracture of muscle, unspecified site) and M62.838 (Other muscle spasm).

The catch: You'll need to know the potential reversibility of the muscle contraction. If the muscle has contracted, become shortened, and fixes the limb permanently in one position, you would use code M62.40. However, if it is a contraction that has some potential of reversibility, you report code M62.838.

"ICD-10 is supplying a very specific code for muscle contracture," says Stumpf. "ICD-10 has supplied 24 codes from M62.40 through M62.49 to specify specific locations, RT vs LT, an unspecified code for each body location for use when RT/LT has not been clarified, and for 'other site' and 'multiple sites'."

Don't Worry About Changes With These Codes

There are codes that do not reflect any change in descriptors in ICD-10. The descriptors for 728.5 (Hypermobility syndrome) in ICD-9 and M35.7 (Hypermobility syndrome) in ICD-10 are similar. The same is true of code 728.71 (Plantar fascial fibromatosis) in ICD-9 and code M72.2 (Plantar fascial fibromatosis) in ICD-10 for the fibrosis of the plantar fascia.

Another such example are the codes for necrotizing fasciitis in ICD-9, 728.86 (Necrotizing fasciitis) and M72.6 (Necrotizing fasciitis) in ICD-10 and for generalized muscle weakness in ICD-9, 728.87 (Muscle weakness [generalized]), and M62.81 (Muscle weakness [generalized]) in ICD-10. The codes for rhabdomyolysis in ICD-9 (728.88 [Rhabdomyolysis]) and ICD-10 (M62.82 [Rhabdomyolysis]) have common descriptors.

Another important condition that you may frequently report is the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. "This commonly described condition may manifest as hypermobility and may present with ligamentous hyperlaxity," says Mallon. You report code 756.83 (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) for this specific condition. Once the ICD-10 implementation date rolls around, you shall report Q79.6 (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome).