You can't use CPT® codes for Medicare consults. When your orthopedist is called for a consultation service, make sure you know the specifics of the encounter before deciding how to choose your codes. Reason: To qualify as a consult, a service has to meet several guidelines, or your claim could be rejected. Further, Medicare and private payers have some pretty major differences in how to code what you might consider a consultation. Check out what some experts had to say about reporting consultation services for your orthopedic practice. Check for 3 Rs when Making Consult Decision For coding purposes, "a consultation is a type of E/M [evaluation and management] service that is provided by a qualified practitioner at the request of another physician or appropriate healthcare provider whose purpose is to either recommend care for a specific condition or problem or to determine whether to accept responsibility for the management of the patient's entire care or a specific condition," explains Melanie Witt, RN, CPC, MA, an independent coding expert based in Guadalupita, New Mexico. Important: In order to qualify as a consultation, Witt says, you need these elements: This is often referred to as the 3 Rs: Request, reason, and reply. Choose from Inpatient, Outpatient Consult Codes You'll need to prove the three Rs to affirm that your provider performed a consultation. When you're coding for consult service, however, knowing the payer's preference is vital. For payers that don't follow Medicare guidelines, you will likely report your consultation with one of the following code sets: Outpatient consults: Report 99241 (Office consultation for a new or established patient, which requires these 3 key components: a problem focused history; a problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decision making ...) through 99245 (... a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision making of high complexity ...), depending on encounter specifics. Inpatient consults: Report 99251 (Inpatient consultation for a new or established patient, which requires these 3 key components: A problem focused history; A problem focused examination; and Straightforward medical decision making ...) through 99255 (... a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision making of high complexity ...), depending on encounter specifics. Quite obviously, the main difference between inpatient and outpatient consults is setting. There are other differences as well, especially when you're counting up consult minutes, according to Witt. "In the office setting, typical [consult] time is specified as face-to-face time; while, in the inpatient setting, typical [consult] time is specified as unit/floor time," Witt says. This distinction is worth remembering for instances when your provider is reporting the consult based on counseling or coordination of care rather than the three key components of history, examination, and medical decision making (MDM) - also known as the "counseling exception." Check Out this Consult Case Study To make consult coding clearer, consider this clinical example courtesy of Mary I. Falbo, MBA, CPC, president and CEO of Millennium Healthcare Consulting Inc. in Lansdale, Pennsylvania: Scenario Details Chief Complaint History Exam Assessment and Plan Summary of CPT®, ICD-10-CM Impacts Coding Make Use of Other E/M Codes on Medicare Consults While physicians certainly consult on Medicare patients, "Medicare payers haven't accepted claims for either outpatient (99241-99245) or inpatient (99251-99255) consultations since Jan. 1, 2010," explains Falbo. Do this: "Medicare has indicated that any consultation service would be reported using the appropriate office visit or inpatient hospital visit codes," says Witt. According to Falbo, Medicare's consult coding policy consists of these guidelines: