Prolonged Services:
Using Modifier -21 May Be More Accurate Than Add-on Codes
Published on Wed Mar 01, 2000
Billing for evaluation and management (E/M) services often is challenging. In cases where oncology physicians provide the highest level of E/M service plus additional examination for concurrent disease and extensive patient and family counseling, use modifier -21 (prolonged evaluation and management services) rather than add-on codes.
An oncologist who conducted a comprehensive history and examination on a patient in an office setting, then spent 40 minutes of direct, face-to-face contact with the patient and family discussing treatment options, would normally code 99215 (established patient, office or other outpatient visit) for the encounter.
It is conceivable, however, that the physician spends more time with a patient who has multiple or concurrent illnessessuch as lung cancer and emphysema. The medical decision is more complex and the physician needs to spend more time with the patient and family going over diagnostic results, discussing the prognosis and educating them about the diseases and their treatment.
While time is not usually a determining factor in deciding level of service, it does play a role in proving prolonged service. The CPT indicates average times for each level of service a physician can expect to spend with the patient while performing the three key components of an E/M servicehistory, examination and medical decision-making.
Despite the obvious additional time the patient with multiple or concurrent illnesses requires, there isnt a code for the higher level of service. To reflect the prolonged service, physicians have two choices:
1. +99354prolonged physician service in the office or other outpatient setting requiring direct (face-to-face) patient contact beyond the usual service (30 minutes to 74 minutes)
+99355each additional 30 minutes
2. Modifier -21prolonged evaluation and management services: When the face-to-face or floor/unit service(s) provided is prolonged or otherwise greater than that usually required for the highest level of evaluation and management service within a given category, it may be identified by adding modifier -21 to the evaluation and management code number or by use of the separate five digit modifier code 09921. A report may also be appropriate.
Modifier -21 gives physicians an outlet if they use more time or effort than the highest level allows, says Laurie Lamar, RHIA, CCS, CTR, CCS-P, reimbursement specialist, with the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Alexandria, Va.
How do you decide which is the appropriate coding choice? Prolonged service codes, according to the American Medical Associations (AMA) CPT Assistant, are reserved for patient encounters where there is intermittent face-to-face contact with the patient. While +99354 and +99355 are designed for physician-patient contact that is beyond usual service, it differs from modifier -21 in the following ways:
Codes +99354 and +99355 are used with E/M codes 99211-99215 when direct face-to-face contact is provided [...]
