Ob-Gyn Coding Alert

ICD-10-CM:

“Aftercare,” “Monitoring,” and “Surveillance” Are not Interchangeable

Published on Thu Jun 09, 2022

Never, ever report aftercare and monitoring codes together.

When you’re applying ICD-10-CM codes for ongoing care, you need to be incredibly specific to accurately code your ob-gyn’s claim. Check out these four myths and make sure you know the real scoop on ongoing care codes.

Myth #1: There’s no Difference Between ‘Aftercare’ and ‘Follow-up’

Reality: These terms are very different. The ICD-10-CM official guidelines make the following distinction between follow-up and aftercare.

Follow-up: ICD-10-CM’s guidelines state that “the follow-up Z code categories imply that the condition has been fully treated and no longer exists.” The codes in question are:

Z08 (Encounter for follow-up examination after completed treatment for malignant neoplasm)
Z09 ( ... for conditions other than malignant neoplasm)
Z39 (Encounter for maternal postpartum care and examination).

Ob-gyn coders will be most familiar with Z39.2 (Encounter for routine postpartum follow-up), but just as frequently the code Z08 will be reported by a gynecological oncologist who is seeing the patient six months postop a hysterectomy for cancer, says Melanie Witt, RN, MA, an ob-gyn coding expert based in Guadalupita, New Mexico.

While you’ll use Z08 for follow-up exams after a malignant neoplasm, you’ll use Z09 for all follow-up visits when the patient has finished their treatment plan, such as antibiotics, steroids, or any type of medication, regardless of who put the patient on the medication. Coders, Witt explains, “need to use this code first and then use a secondary code for a history of a disease.”

The guidelines go on to note that “they should not be confused with aftercare codes.”

Aftercare: On the other hand, aftercare codes “cover situations when ... the patient requires continued care during the healing or recovery phase, or for the long-term consequences of the disease.”

Contrast the follow-up codes to the main group of aftercare codes, Z42-Z51, which ICD-10 clarifies “are for patients who have already been treated for a disease or injury, but who are receiving aftercare.” These codes are much more detailed in nature and include such ob-gyn-oriented encounters as Z44.8 (Encounter for fitting and adjustment of other external prosthetic devices) when the patient presents for pessary care, and Z48.02 (Encounter for removal of sutures).

So, experts say that “timing and specificity” are the key terms that will help you understand the difference between follow-up and aftercare. In other words, when you have more specific subsequent care codes for an injury, they would supersede the more general follow-up codes, making Z08-Z09 and Z42-Z51 Excludes1 codes per ICD-10 guidelines.

Myth #2: You Can Report ‘Monitoring’ and ‘Aftercare’ Codes Together

Reality: In actuality, you’ll find an Excludes1 note preventing you from reporting a monitoring code with an aftercare one.

This group of aftercare codes, the Z51 (Encounter for other aftercare and medical care) code group, can also be confusing. Because the variations of Z51 are so specific, and like Z42-Z49, they are mutually exclusive to Z08 and Z09.

So, a code such as Z51.81 (Encounter for therapeutic drug level monitoring) is classified as an Excludes1 for any of the follow-up codes, as are all the codes in the Z51 group.

Myth #3: You Can Tack on a Surveillance Code With Aftercare

Reality: You cannot report a surveillance code with an aftercare code.

Even though the notes that accompany Z08 and Z09 point out that these codes are to be used for “medical surveillance following completed treatment,” you’ll also get into trouble if you use Z30.4- (Encounter for surveillance of contraceptives), which is another Excludes1 code for Z09.

So, too, are another group of codes from the Z42-Z49 group, where Z44-Z46 codes are described in the Excludes1 note for Z09 as “surveillance of prosthetic and other medical devices.”

Myth #4: You Should Describe a Subsequent Encounter As Aftercare

Reality: Not so fast.

The ICD-10-CM guidelines will remind you that “injury codes with a 7th character for subsequent encounter[s]” should not be confused with the follow-up codes. The guidelines accompanying Chapter 19, “Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external cause,” go on to explain that most of the S and T codes take a 7th character, and that when the subsequent encounter character D is attached, you should not include follow-up codes, or aftercare codes, in your documentation.

As Witt explains, coders “would not usually use the Z code for a recheck for an injury because they will normally use the injury diagnosis code with a subsequent encounter. This means the injury, accident, or poisoning is now in the healing stage.”

So, you would document a patient reporting back to your ob-gyn for subsequent care following a laceration of the vulva with S31.41XD (Laceration without foreign body of vagina and vulva, subsequent encounter) as this is a more relevant, meaningful choice than any of the catch-all Z codes.