Ob-Gyn Coding Alert

Here are the words your ob-gyn’s documentation needs to contain.

Time and time again, ob-gyn coders cite “how to report lysis of adhesions separately” as their number one challenge. If you think this task is impossible, then you would be wrong — you can report lysis of adhesions with your ob-gyn’s primary surgery. However, you need several elements in order to do so — namely, either a specific code or modifier 22 and supporting documentation.

Myth 1: You Should Always Consider 58740 Bundled

The ob-gyn documents that while performing abdominal surgery, they lysed pelvic adhesions that were dense, anatomy-distorting, and took a very long time. Can you report lysis of adhesions?

Pelvic adhesions are bands of fibrous scar tissue that can form in the abdomen and pelvis after surgery or due to infection. Because adhesions connect organs and tissue that are normally separated, they can lead to a variety of complications, including pelvic pain, infertility, and bowel obstruction. Adhesions commonly form on the ovaries, pelvic sidewalls, and fallopian tubes.

Reality: Whether you can bill this lysis of adhesions depends on the type of adhesions and whether payers bundle the code you want to bill. For instance, payers bundle 44005 (Enterolysis [freeing of intestinal adhesion] [separate procedure]) into almost all surgical procedures that involve abdominal surgery. On the other hand, payers only bundle 58740 (Lysis of adhesions [salpingolysis, ovariolysis]) into certain procedures.

In other words, if the patient had pelvic adhesions that were adhered to the ovaries or tubes and you could report 58740, then you should do so — so long as the physician documentation is adequate. You should not add modifier 22 (Increased procedural service) to 58740, because you are listing the code as a separate surgical procedure, not as additional work to the primary procedure, says Melanie Witt, RN, MA, an independent coding consultant in Guadalupita, New Mexico.

Documentation: Remember, when determining whether you should code adhesiolysis in addition to the primary procedure, you first must examine the ob-gyn’s documentation. Carriers usually don’t reimburse separately for removing soft, filmy adhesions by blunt dissection when the physician performs the lysis with other procedures. And if the reason for the lysis is access to the surgical site, the payer will likely discount the work. Documentation must describe the significant work associated with the removal (using sharp dissection and sometimes laser) of adhesions that are dense, very adherent, and have a blood supply. And of course, the ob-gyn should also document the amount of time it added to the operative session, Witt adds.

Myth 2: Modifier 22 Doesn’t Work for Breaking NCCI Edits

The surgeon notes that during a laparotomy, they encounter dense adhesions involving the bowel and omentum, which require two hours of adhesiolysis and enterolysis to adequately expose the uterus and pelvis so they could perform a hysterectomy. Can you report lysis of adhesions?

Reality: Yes, and you should append modifier 22 to the primary surgical procedure. Based on this information, you might incorrectly report 44005 in addition to 58150 (Total abdominal hysterectomy [corpus and cervix], with or without removal of tube[s], with or without removal of ovary[s]). But the National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) bundles 44005 into 58150 with a “0” modifier indicator, meaning no modifier can override the edit, says Carol Pohlig, BSN, RN, CPC, manager of coding and education in the department of medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Therefore, you should report the extra work involved with the extensive adhesiolysis by appending modifier 22 to 58150.

Myth 3: You Have Only 1 Way to Report Lysis of Adhesions

The ob-gyn performs a repeat c-section that includes lysis of adhesions. They note omental adhesions in the lower uterine segment and cauterize additional areas of adhesions, which exposes an adequate amount of space to do procedure. Can you report the lysis of adhesions?

Reality: This depends. The ob-gyn notes the adhesions exist in and around the uterus, which means you might be able to report 58740 (Lysis of adhesions [salpingolysis, ovariolysis]). Many payers, however, bundle 58740 into another procedure. You have the option of adding modifier 22 to the cesarean delivery code to show the extra work involved with the adhesiolysis, but the documentation must adequately describe the extensive nature of this procedure.

Myth 4: Lysis of Adhesions Are Not ‘Separate Procedures’

Your ob-gyn documented the following laparoscopic op note:

“Omental adhesions made visualization of the pelvis difficult. These were covering the fundus of the uterus and anterior parietal peritoneal surface. Also, they completely obliterated the cul-de-sac. I found chronic and acute pelvic inflammatory disease as well as pelvic abscesses. Due to the large amount of adhesions, I spent a lot of time visualizing and freeing the fundus of the uterus, left adnexa, left tube and ovary, right adnexa structures, right tube and ovary, posterior cul-de-sac, and the sigmoid bowel. I lysed loops of bowel, and I removed the appendix. I exposed additional adhesions of the sigmoid bowel to the right cul-de-sac and lower pelvis as well as a large abscess, right of the sigmoid bowel. I placed a Jackson-Pratt drain to drain the pelvis.”

Can you report the lysis of adhesions?

Reality: You have only two codes for laparoscopic lysis of adhesions: 44180 (Laparoscopy, surgical, enterolysis [freeing of intestinal adhesion] [separate procedure]) and 58660 (Laparoscopy, surgical; with lysis of adhesions [salpingolysis, ovariolysis] [separate procedure]). Notice both are CPT® “separate procedures,” which means the payer is probably going to bundle either one into any other surgical procedure performed through the scope, like an appendectomy. Payers also bundle 44180 into 58660, so you cannot report both. If you are going to bill only for the lysis, you will have to choose which code represents more surgical work. Given the above brief description, your choice would likely be 58660.

Myth 5: You Can’t Capture Adhesiolysis When Approach Converts

Suppose the ob-gyn surgeon inserts the laparoscope intending to perform a uterosacral vaginal vault suspension. Upon inserting the scope, they find massive adhesions on the bowel’s left side adhering not only the bowel to the pelvic sidewall but also the left tube and ovary. The right side is even worse. After attempting to remove the adhesions for an hour with little success, the physician decides to convert to a laparotomy to complete the procedure.

Reality: Occasionally, an ob-gyn attempts a procedure laparoscopically, but because of extensive adhesions, they must change to an open approach to complete the surgery. In this case, Medicare rules — and those of the many payers that follow Medicare — bundle the laparoscopy into the open