Neurology & Pain Management Coding Alert

Remember this modifier for all consult codes.

The time is nigh to start observing the 2023 rules for evaluation and management (E/M) services, which will include major changes to consultation coding, among other E/M changes.

All practices perform inpatient and outpatient consultations need to note these revisions, which pertain to headline, guideline, code, and descriptor adjustments.

Check out the changes to consult coding that take effect Jan. 1, 2023.

Consultation Section Guidelines Are Changing

In the 2023 updates, the altered wording in the consultations guidelines includes “other qualified healthcare professional” when mentioning who can request E/M consultations, as well as start diagnostic or therapeutic services during the visit or at a subsequent visit.

Turning to the office/outpatient consultations guidelines, you’ll find the places of service (POS) are revised in the calendar year (CY) 2023 code set:

• CY 2022: “…report consultations provided in the office or in an outpatient or other ambulatory facility, including hospital observation services, home services, domiciliary, rest home, or emergency department.”
• CY 2023: “…report consultations that are provided in the office or other outpatient site, including the home or residence, or emergency department.”

Mandatory modifier: As in 2022, the guidelines in 2023 state that you should append modifier 32 (Mandated services) to a consultation that is required. For example, if a payer requests a consultation, such as a second opinion before the payer approves treatment, you should append modifier 32 to the applicable consultation code.

Check Out These Revised Office/Outpatient Codes

In CY 2023, the office/outpatient consultation codes will be updated to allow the provider to select the level of visit based on medical decision making (MDM) or time, when the latter is applicable.

The revised office/outpatient consultation E/M codes for CY 2023 are as follows. Note: Portions of the revised descriptors are emphasized for easy reference:

• 99242 (Office or other outpatient consultation for a new or established patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and straight­forward medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 20 minutes must be met or exceeded.)
• 99243 (Office or other outpatient consultation for a new or established patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and low level of medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 30 minutes must be met or exceeded.)
• 99244 (Office or other outpatient consultation for a new or established patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and moderate level of medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 40 minutes must be met or exceeded.)
• 99245 (Office or other outpatient consultation for a new or established patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and high level of medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 55 minutes must be met or exceeded.)

Overtime code: A parenthetical note is added after 99245, instructing you to use prolonged services add-on code +99417 (Prolonged outpatient evaluation and management service(s) time with or without direct patient contact beyond the required time of the primary service when the primary service level has been selected using total time, each 15 minutes of total time (List separately in addition to the code of the outpatient Evaluation and Management service)) for services lasting 70 minutes or longer.

If you’re billing an E/M visit solely on the basis of time, you can assign +99417 only after 15 minutes have elapsed beyond the minimum time required for the highest-level primary service. In the cases of office/outpatient consultations, you cannot assign +99417 until 15 minutes have passed after the initial 55 minutes of the 99245 consultation — in other words, 70 minutes total. (Keep in mind that while not all payers accept consult codes, those who do may have different rules regarding coding and counting time for prolonged services. Be sure to review and apply the relevant payer policies.)

Additionally, the 15 minutes of +99417 may count regardless of whether the provider was in direct contact with the patient.

Key code deletion: While present in the 2022 CPT^® code set, 99241 (Office consultation for a new or established patient, which requires these 3 key components: A problem focused history; A problem focused examination; and Straightforward medical decision making…) is deleted from the 2023 CPT^® code set. Instead, you’ll report 99242 for a consultation that involves straightforward MDM.

Choose Code Using Time or MDM

How will consultation codes change in CY 2023? “As part of the 2023 revisions, this range of consultation codes can be documented through either time or MDM. History and exam, as with office visits, are no longer key components of consultations,” says Nancy Clark, CPC, COC, CPB, CPMA,CPC-I, COPC, AAPC Fellow, senior manager at Eisner Advisory Group LLC in Iselin, New Jersey.

Going forward on Jan. 1, 2023, you’ll use either documented time or MDM to support your E/M consultation code choice. You should review your individual payer preferences, but as long as they don’t have specific additional requirements, you, along with provider documenters, can decide how to support your code choice for the encounter. Provider documenters are the providers who document and select the code.

What if you have a report that states the provider used a certain level of MDM, but the total time surpassed a higher level of MDM? “If the provider documents cumulative time along with the MDM and relevant history/physical examination, the coder can select the method that benefits the provider,” says Carol Pohlig, BSN, RN, CPC, manager of coding and education in the department of medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

The same applies to provider documenters. The provider has the ultimate responsibility to document and select the code. “If the provider believes the encounter was especially lengthy, they may choose to document the time spent in various activities and select a code based on time,” Clark adds.

Example: A physician performs an E/M visit where the documentation supports moderate complexity (99244), but the total time for the visit is 55 minutes (99245). In this case, you can assign 99245 for the service.