Medication Effect
Alpha-receptor agonists (pseudoephedrine) Urethral constriction and urinary retention (males)
Alpha-receptor antagonists (Minipress, Hytrin, Cardura) Urethral relaxation and stress UI (females)
ACE inhibitors Cough leading to stress incontinence
Anticholinergics (H1 antihistamines, antiparkinsonian agents) Urinary retention, overflow incontinence, fecal impaction
Antidepressants, tricyclic Anticholinergic effect, alpha-receptor antagonist effect
Beta-receptor antagonists (Inderal, Lopressor, Tenormin, etc.) Urinary retention
Calcium channel blockers Urinary retention, fecal impaction
Diuretics Polyuria, frequency, urgency
Methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline) Polyuria, bladder irritation
Neuroleptics (Thorazine, Mellaril, etc.) Anticholinergic effect, sedation
Opioids Urinary retention, fecal impaction, sedation, delirium
Sedative-hypnotics Sedation, delirium, muscle relaxation
Source: Diane Newman, MSN, RNC, CRNP, FAAN,"Current Management of Incontinence in Long Term Care" American Association of Nurse Assessment Coordinators conference, Chicago (March 2005)