Inpatient Facility Coding & Compliance Alert

Tip: Pay special attention to next-day discharge trap.

Even the most experienced coders can sometimes have a lapse in judgment when reporting discharge services (99238-99239, Hospital discharge day management …). Watch for these four common mistakes in your facility claims to avoid falling into the same traps yourself.

1. Multiple physicians. Several physicians (or nonphysician practitioners) might be involved in a patient’s care, and all might try to bill for the discharge — but only the attending physician should bill for the discharge, according to CMS.

The Medicare Claims Processing Manual notes, “Only the attending physician of record reports the discharge day management service. Physicians or qualified nonphysician practitioners, other than the attending physician, who have been managing concurrent health care problems not primarily managed by the attending physician, and who are not acting on behalf of the attending physician, shall use Subsequent Hospital Care (CPT^® code range 99231- 99233) for a final visit.”  Remember that the admitting physician (also known as the physician of record) should append modifier AI (Principal physician of record) to the applicable admission code to help distinguish from other physicians who might become involved in the patient’s care.

2. Patients ineligible for inpatient codes. Sometimes a patient may not be eligible for a discharge code. This can happen in various circumstances. For example, if the patient never left the emergency room and thus was never admitted as an inpatient, you shouldn’t report a discharge code. Instead, submit the appropriate ED service code (99281-99285, Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management of a patient …). Another example could be a patient that has been admitted as an inpatient but at the last minute the patient is changed to an observation case.  Sometimes the documentation for such changes may be delayed.  See the observation discharge code (99217).

3. Next-day discharge. Suppose the physician sees a patient on Monday and says that if the patient doesn’t have any more vomiting or pain, she can go home the next morning (Tuesday). If the physician doesn’t see the patient on Tuesday, some coders don’t feel comfortable billing a discharge on the date that the physician doesn’t actually see the patient.

CMS, however, doesn’t specifically say that the physician must see the patient on the discharge date in order to bill a discharge code. According to chapter 12 of the Medicare Claims Processing Manual, “The E/M discharge day management visit shall be reported for the date of the actual visit by the physician or qualified nonphysician practitioner even if the patient is discharged from the facility on a different calendar date.”

Most coding analysts agree that the intent of CMS’s change to this section of the manual a few years back was to recognize that in today’s world of discharges happening at all times of the day and night, the work defined by the 99238 and 99239 codes may actually be done the day before the discharge.

In the example above, the patient’s actual day of discharge is Tuesday, but all of the work (all of the thinking work to plan for the discharge and to do the discharge orders) was completed on Monday.

Keep in mind: The way CMS wrote the language in the manual leaves it open to interpretation, so until CMS clarifies the issue, follow your local MAC’s advice on coding discharges if it has published information on discharge coding.

4. Nonphysician practitioners performing discharge. The practitioner performing discharge does not necessarily have to be a physician. Presuming all of the rules are met, a nonphysician practitioner can bill a discharge.

Note the language in the Medicare Claims Processing Manual, which says, “The E/M discharge day management visit shall be reported for the date of the actual visit by the physician or qualified nonphysician practitioner…” (emphasis added).