Anesthesia Coding Alert

Find out which code to turn to for ongoing treatment-resistant pain.

Everything about pain management is complex, from the patients to the coding for various pain diagnoses. At first glance, it may not be obvious which ICD-10 code best describes the patients’ pain but knowing where to look and what to look for will help you cut through the confusion.

The lowdown: When you have to submit ICD-10 codes for your patient’s pain, there’s a specific code set you need to go to for pain diagnoses. The devil is in the details, however, as category G89 (Pain, not elsewhere classified) has many options to choose from. The exact code you use will depend on the status of the patient’s condition, as well as the duration and cause of the pain. Landing on the correct ICD-10 code every time hinges on you knowing all three of these components.

If you’re not sure where to begin, help is here. We asked Jessica Miller, MHA, CPC, operations manager at MediCodio Inc in Denver, how to best navigate the G89 pain diagnosis codes and this is what she had to say.

Look to These Codes in G89

When you are zeroing in on a G89 pain diagnosis, you’ll choose from one of the following subcategories, Miller explains:

• G89.0 (Central pain syndrome)
• G89.1- (Acute pain, not elsewhere classified)
• G89.2- (Chronic pain, not elsewhere classified)
• G89.3 (Neoplasm related pain (acute) (chronic))
• G89.4 (Chronic pain syndrome)

Breakdown: Central pain syndrome is diagnosed when a patient has chronic pain caused by damage or malfunction in the central nervous system. Acute pain develops suddenly and is of limited duration. Whereas chronic pain is “pain that lasts at least 12 weeks; it’s one of the most common symptoms given for seeking treatment,” according to Miller. Chronic pain syndrome specifically refers to long-lasting pain that is resistant to treatment.

Remember, “these codes can be used in conjunction with codes from categories and chapters to provide more detail about acute or chronic pain and neoplasm-related pain,” says Miller.

Exceptions Mark Absence of G89

There are instances where the patient is certainly suffering pain, but you’ll still leave the G89 ICD-10 code off the claim. “If the pain is not specified as acute or chronic, post-thoracotomy, postprocedural, or neoplasm-related, do not assign codes from category G89,” Miller explains.

She adds, “Also, a code from G89 should not be assigned if the underlying — definitive — diagnosis is known, unless the reason for the encounter is pain control/management and not management of the underlying condition.”

Further, when an admission or encounter is for a procedure aimed at treating the underlying condition (e.g., spinal fusion, kyphoplasty), a code for the underlying condition (e.g., vertebral fracture, spinal stenosis) should be assigned as the principal diagnosis. No code from category G89 should be assigned, according to Miller.

Code G89 First in These Scenarios

You can use G89 as a first-listed code in several situations. “When pain control or pain management is the reason for the admission/encounter; the underlying cause of the pain should be reported as an additional secondary diagnosis, if known,” explains Miller.

Example: When a patient is admitted for the insertion of a neurostimulator for pain control, assign the appropriate pain code as the principal or first-listed diagnosis.

Use G89 As Code Also in These Scenarios

Codes from G89 may be used in conjunction with codes that identify the site of pain if they provide additional information. For example, if the code describes the site of the pain but does not fully describe whether the pain is acute or chronic, then both codes should be assigned. “In this instance, the documentation must specifically state acute, chronic, central pain syndrome, or chronic pain syndrome,” reminds Miller. That’s why “it is important to work with your provider to ensure that they provide you with the detailed information needed to code,” advises Chelle Johnson, CPMA, CPC, CPCO, CPPM, CEMC, AAPC Fellow, billing/credentialing/ auditing/coding coordinator at County of Stanislaus Health Services Agency in Modesto, California.

Payers take documentation of these conditions seriously. The pain must be specifically documented as “chronic” to assign code G89.2-. To assign code G89.4, the documentation must specifically state either “chronic pain syndrome” or “chronic pain associated with significant psychosocial dysfunction.” Similarly, “central pain syndrome” is a diagnosis and must be specifically documented to assign code G89.0.

Be Careful When Sequencing G89 Codes

Sequencing of G89 codes with site-specific pain codes is dependent on the circumstances of the encounter. Follow these code sequencing instructions:

• If the encounter is for pain control/management, assign the code from category G89 followed by the code identifying the specific site of the pain.
• If the encounter is for any reason other than pain control/ management and a related definitive diagnosis has not been established (confirmed) by the provider, assign the code for the specific site of pain first, followed by the appropriate code from category G89.

Examples Highlight Proper G89 Use

Check out these examples from Miller:

• Patient presents for pain management for acute neck pain from trauma. Report G89.11 (Acute pain due to trauma) first followed by M54.2 (Cervicalgia) to identify the site of the pain.
• Patient presents for pain management for chronic low back pain. Report G89.29 (Other chronic pain) for the pain followed by M54.5 (Low back pain) to identify the site of the pain.
• Patient presents for insertion of internal stimulator due to chronic pain syndrome and lumbar disc disorder with radiculopathy. Report G89.4 first, followed by M51.16 (Intervertebral disc disorders with radiculopathy, lumbar region) to identify the site of the pain.

Do This When Payers Don’t Recognize G89

There are still some local coverage determinations (LCDs) that don’t recognize G89 codes as primary diagnoses, even when the rules call for it to be coded first. In these instances, Miller says you should do what the LCD requires: “Use the code which does meet LCD guidelines as the first-listed code and add G89.- as a secondary code,” Miller says.